Showing posts with label Print. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Print. Show all posts

Wednesday, June 16, 2010

Tanzania's Education and Careers Exhibition

8 days to go!!! ( Date: June 24th & 25th, 2010)

Venue
: Diamond Jubilee Hall, Dar es Salaam.

Tripod Media Company Limited is organizing “Tanzania’s Education and Career Exhibition” which will bring together Primary and Secondary Schools, Colleges, Tertiary Institutions and Universities in Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda and Burundi in a Careers and Schools Exhibition so that students/trainers/parents/guardians can interact one-on-one with representatives of these institutions on programs offered, careers, admission requirements etc.

Topics:
Career Choices -- Challenges and Motivation
Changing Career -- Refocusing
Going against the wind -- Choosing unpopular career path
Caught in between -- Incomparable Careers within an individual
Employment vs. Entrepreneurship
Politics and Leadership -- Is it a career path?

Speakers:
Susan Mashibe (Engineer and Pilot), Modesta Lilian Mahiga (Managing Director, Professional Approach Ltd.), Janeth Mbene (MP), Sebastian Ndege (Doctor, Radio Presenter and Public Speaker), Khadija Mwanamboka (Fashion Designer), Ali Mfuruki (Economist and Entrepreneur), Lady Jay Dee (Musician), Master J (Music Producer), Femi Banigbe (Engineer & TIGO CTO), Sadaka Gandi (Psychologist), Siana Nkya (Scientist) & Emelda Mwamanga Mtunga (Bang! Magazine CEO Relim Entertainment).

For more info about the event, click here...
















Vijana FM Crew is wishing the organizers and all the participants all the best!

Tuesday, June 15, 2010

Budget 2010/2011

The size of the word reflects how often it was used in the 2010/2011 budget speech (wordle.net)

a 74 page document
79 - number of times the words "misaada" or "mikopo" appears
11,609,557 - amount in T.Shs of the budget
14% - basal income tax
20,277,100 - amount in USD set for research and development
628,591,000 - amount in USD set for Agricultural projects
2 Billion USD set for education expenditures
1 Billion USD set for health care
30% of total budget from donor sources
0% on import duty for transport buses (Fast Truck Project)..........


Hon. M. Mkullo, minister of finance (picture michuzi blog)

Click here for the full budget
How does the budget affect you?

Monday, June 14, 2010

Japan's bribes on whaling; old news?

by Felicity Ogilvie
A conservation activist says an investigation into claims that Japan bribes small nations for their support on whaling is confirmation of what has been common knowledge for a long time.

Two reporters from Britain's Sunday Times newspaper posed as the lobbyists of a fictional Swiss billionaire and set out to buy votes at next week's International Whaling Commission (IWC) meeting.

Six countries told the reporters they were willing to consider their offer, but the reporters were told they would need to better the aid the countries are already getting from the Japanese.

Tanzania's IWC commissioner is recorded saying that as well as aid, politicians from his country are flown to Japan where they are offered prostitutes.

Geoffrey Nanyaro told the undercover reporters he has never used Japanese prostitutes.

"As a Christian, I live by the Bible, so I never indulge in such [activities]," he said.

Mr Nanyaro says when he visits Japan he is put up in a five-star hotel, and women offering massages often call his room.

"They start by saying you know, do you want massaging, you know, it will be free massaging, you know. Are you not alone there?"

Nicola Beynon from Humane Society International says the undercover investigation adds weight to what environmental groups have long suspected.

"It has been common knowledge for a long time that a number of countries that vote in favor of commercial whaling at the IWC are not actually voting because they genuinely want to see a return to commercial whaling, but they are voting because they are beholden to Japan and Japan's very generous fisheries aid," she said.

"This is confirming what has been common knowledge for a long time and there has been very few occasions where we have had proof of it."


If you don't know what 'Whale Wars' are all about (you probably don't watch Southpark, I guess), check out this clip:

Saturday, June 12, 2010

Media Relations: Press Releases and Targeting Reporters

Your social enterprise has a cool event or story it wants to share with the world. Perhaps the first conference of African women entrepreneurs is happening in Tanzania on June 27th and you want to tie in an event from your start-up on women artists in with coverage on the symposium. Or perhaps one of your board members will participate in the symposium and you want to let the media know she would be a good go-to person for quotes or commentary in an article they are already drafting about the event. In either case, you will be addressing your intent to the media via press release.

What is a press release?
A press release is a statement directed to the media about a story, a spokesperson, an event, a product, or a service. It's a way of attracting publicity around a story. A press release is sent to members of the media that cover that particular beat, or topic. You would not send a press release about a new pharmaceutical drug to a reporter in the Daily News or Sunday News that writes on politics; you would send it to the reporter who covers health related topics.

The format of press releases differ depending on the intent of the press release but most are no longer than one page. Templates also differ and you can find many examples of press release templates online. Here's what a typical press release authored at my firm would look like:

---

COMPANY LOGO HERE.

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE (in caps): Contact: Contact's name
MM/DD/YYYY or contactsemail@youremailhere.com
DD/MM/YYYY Phone: xxx-xxx-xxxx


Use A Catchy Headline Here:
A byline is the line after the headline which elaborates on the story. Not needed for all press releases. Usually italicized.


Location Here, Tanzania (the location will be where the story, person, event, etc. is located) - This is the body of your press release. Paragraph one should include all important information. Reporters are succinct and straight-to-the-point people; they need to be able to get the gist of what your story is in the first paragraph.

You can go into depth on the story here and include quotes from any spokespeople from your start-up, if appropriate and if it adds to the story. Include the how, etc. Write in the active voice: Amy sings sad songs versus The sad songs are sung by Amy, which is in the passive voice and unnecessarily long-winded.

The last paragraph should be a few sentences about the start-up sending out the press release (you).
###

---

Make sure you do your research and identify the key media members for your story. Ask them how they prefer to be contacted and honor the request. If the reporter wants you to email them the story don't call them; if they want it via fax don't email it to them. Create an Excel spreadsheet and input the information for all reporters into it including:

* First Name
* Last Name
* Title
* Beat (Topic they write on)
* Outlet (Are they writing for Daily News or are they a producer for a radio show on RTD?)
* Phone number
* Email address
* Fax number
* Preferred method of contact

---
Please note: don't send a press release a day or two days before a story is to take place. If your start-up is scheduling a conference or an important event or if they are participating in an event, make sure you send out the press release ahead of time. Reporters have deadlines on stories and don't appreciate being asked to follow through a story without having enough time.

Furthermore, if a reporter decides to write a story or interview your spokesperson, have all important information available. Let them know you are at their disposal. You don't want a reporter to ask you for the contact information of your start-up's spokesperson and you don't have that information on hand.

READ MORE:
Media Relations 101: Getting media coverage.

Follow Stephanie on Twitter: @radiomorillo

Wednesday, June 9, 2010

Africa: A continent on the move

Submitted by Jean-Marie Vianney Habarugira

With the 2010 World Cup set to begin later this week, eyes are turning toward South Africa, the country playing host to the world’s most watched sporting event, and, more broadly, toward Africa as a whole. After decades of stagnation, the continent’s economies have expanded much more quickly during the past ten years. So this month, McKinsey Quarterly focuses on Africa’s surprisingly bright economic future. (You will have to register first to get full access to the articles and the interview.)

What’s driving Africa’s growth
The rate of return on foreign investment is higher in Africa than in any other developing region. It’s time for global executives and investors to pay heed.

South Africa in the spotlight: An interview with Deputy President K.Motlanthe
In a video interview, the deputy president of South Africa reflects on its economy, the battle against HIV/AIDS, how the world perceives Africa, and China’s role there.

Checking Africa’s vital signs (with interactive map)
A series of maps and charts on Africa shows the populations and literacy rates of its countries; their position in the World Bank’s ease-of-doing-business index; and changes in life expectancy, real GDP, levels of HIV/AIDS infection, and capital inflows.

Africa’s path to growth: Sector by sector
The continent’s growth story isn’t entirely about the extractive industries. Seven articles examine the future of a wide range of sectors.

Fulfilling the promise of sub-Saharan Africa
The region has already made big strides below the radar. It now stands to become the developing world’s next great success story.


Source: McKinsey Quartely - June 2010 Newsletter

Artwork Painted by Katongo
Tinga Tinga art from Tanzania

Monday, June 7, 2010

UNAWE-Tanzania

Kuna baadhi ya mambo unayaona au kuyasikia na hukupa motisha ya aina fulani - hasa yanapotokea nyumbani. Kitu muhimu zaidi ambacho hukufanya hata uanze kujivunia ni watu wanaojitolea kuwafundisha wadogo zetu na kuwaandaa na dunia hii ambayo inaendelea kutekwa na sayansi ya teknolojia.

Mara nyingi nikitembelea tovuti ya UNAWE-Tanzania, nashindwa kujizuia kujiuliza maswali mengi. Ingekuwa vipi kama ningefundishwa na timu ya kaka Mponda? Je, kama ningeoneshwa mwezi, sayari nyingine, nyota na vimondo wakati bado niko mdogo, mambo yangekuwa tofauti? Kusema ukweli kuna wakati nawaonea donge watoto wanaopewa nafasi na UNAWE-Tanzania. Na nina uhakika juhudi zao zitazaa matunda ambayo yataleta mabadiliko kwenye jamii yetu kwa namna moja au nyingine.

Nakumbuka nilikuwa napenda sana masomo ya sayansi. Na nilijifunza jinsi ya kukokotoa maswali ya lenzi (i.e. ray optics), nilikariri majina ya sayari zote (na idadi ya miezi yao) na hata umbali wao kutoka kwenye jua. Lakini nilikuja kuiona telescope kwa mara ya kwanza nilipokuwa kidato cha pili! Nadhani unaelewa kwanini nawaonea donge wadogo zangu.

Wiki chache zilizopita, UNAWE-Tanzania walipokea vitabu, CDs na vifaa vingine muhimu vya kufundishia. Bahati mbaya au nzuri, kuna baadhi ya vitabu ambavyo itakuwa vema vikitafsiriwa kwenye lugha ya Kiswahili. Kwahiyo, wasiliana nao kama unaweza kuwasadia.

Nakusihi utembelee tovuti yao mara kwa mara ili kufuatilia vitu wanavyofanya. Kama hutaweza kuwasaidia kwenye mradi huu wa kutafsiri vitabu, nina uhakika hapo baadae unaweza ukawasaidia kwa njia nyingine.

Pongezi zangu ziwaendee UNAWE-Tanzania! Nitaendelea kuwatupia jicho kama kawaida yangu.

Sunday, June 6, 2010

Mzungu Kichaa anena na Shurufu

Mara ya kwanza nilipoona video ya wimbo Jitolee wa Mzungu Kichaa, nadhani niliicheza zaidi ya mara kumi mfululizo! Sehemu ambayo mpaka leo bado inanipa tabasamu ni pale jamaa anapowarusha masela Kariakoo (muda 0:55):



Halafu, hapo bado sijaanza kuongelea jinsi gitaa lilivyokung'utwa ile kisawasawa -- amelitekenya kama Diblo Dibala!

Kichaa ana hadithi nyingi mno ambazo nina uhakika watu wengi watapenda kuzisikia. Wiki iliyopita Shurufu aliongea na Mzungu Kichaa kwa kirefu na mahojiano yalikuwa kama ifuatavyo (ung'eng'e au ngeli itahitajika):

“I became Mzungu Kichaa not too long ago; when I released my [debut] album 'Tuko Pamoja' in May 2009. So, in that sense I am new to the game as an artist, under the name Mzungu Kichaa. But in reality, I have been around and I’ve been involved in Music ever since I was…very small. And also I have been involved in Bongo Flava since the start of Bongo Flava, recording at Bongo Records. I went to IST with P-Funk aka Majani…just before he got expelled for stealing the school’s musical equipment so he could produce [laughs].

“... I did stuff behind the scenes like on Juma Nature's [2001] album 'Nini Chanzo' and then I did this song which featured quite significantly on Solo Thang's album, ‘Mambo ya Pwani’ which was a big hit. My role was quite significant cause I actually helped…program it, pretty much all of it, cause the remix took my guitar as the foundation of the program. So we did that and that’s kind of what made me known within the industry but I wasn’t known by the public. The name [Mzungu Kichaa] I got…at Bongo Records [given to me] by Juma Nature way back then when I was working there. So I decided to take up the name...

Endelea kusoma hapa...

Tuesday, June 1, 2010

No TZ referees ahead of Brazil game



I just came across this DailyNews article about there being no local Tanzanian referees to run the Taifa Stars vs. Brazil game. The match, scheduled to be held in Dar at the National Stadium on Monday, June 7, is highly anticipated by Tanzanians globally.

According to the article, "Tanzania has repeatedly failed to produce quality referees [ in recent decades ] who could make cut in the international scene save for regional tournaments which they have rarely impressed."

There seems to be mounting pressure around this game for those Tanzanians involved in hosting the event. Another DailyNews article discusses why the dates and times changed.

Anyhow, here's what I'm asking: Is this a good time to assess why Tanzania is not in the World Cup or what?

Previous Vijana FM post: Brazil wanakuja kukiputa na Taifa Stars!

(Above image of Collina - even though it has almost nothing to do with this post - courtesy of Rankopedia)

Monday, May 31, 2010

Media Relations 101 - Getting media coverage


I work for a strategic communications firm that caters to a strictly non-profit clientele; as such, I have had to do a lot of research for clients on issues as diverse as arts education, community colleges, healthcare for the elderly, and immigration. Any social entrepreneur will need to learn the ropes about communications and media relations, i.e., getting the word out there. Seeing as there is so much to learn and know, I will be posting up articles regularly on strategic communications. Sharing the knowledge is what it is all about!

What are “media relations” and “strategic communications”?

Every startup wants to project a favorable image of itself in the media. In order to accomplish this, in-house or contracted public relations professionals develop a rapport with media outlets, reporters, producers, etc. This is media relations. If your startup has to do with arts and East African women, you would develop relationships with key members of the media, such as reporters in arts, women’s rights, social issues, economics, business, and education, for example.

This goes to say that when your startup wants to let the media know about something your organization is doing or premiered, you would probably release a press release and pitch a story to the media. We’ll have more on that below.

Strategic communications means developing communications plans and initiatives to further an organization’s goal. Web sites, news conferences, brochures, and social media are all examples of strategic communications. How does your web site further your goal as an entrepreneur? What can the website do for you? What aims will social media address? These are questions you should ask yourself.

The first thing I’ll discuss today will be “pitching” a story and creating a reporter’s database.

What is “pitching”? It means getting on the phone or e-mail and letting reporters know what’s going on. How do you know which reporters to target? If your startup is local, regional, or national in focus, it should target media outlets that also have coverage on that level. However, some media outlets with national coverage also have local bureaus depending on the locality; you can also contact them if you want to target a local, audience for example. Once you have honed in on what kind of publication you want, read the paper, listen to that radio station, or watch that TV news channel. Look up on Google or on the outlet’s website “education, arts, women, East Africa, social issues” and see which reporters are writing about those issues. Sometimes you can get the reporter’s e-mail address from the website; if not, phone the media outlet and ask for the reporter’s contact information. When you are pitching, you want the reporter to know you have read their articles. For our example, you may want to tell the reporter you have read their latest article on an NGO using theater to empower women in small villages, and you thought they would be interested in knowing about an event a women’s arts organization will be hosting.

Before you start pitching, you should begin with researching media outlets and reporters who may be interested in your story. Identifying key players is of utmost importance. You don’t want to contact a reporter who writes about parenting if you really want to speak with someone who writes about business; in the event you don’t know who to contact, call the media outlet, and briefly explain your aim. Then ask who would be the right person to speak with. If there are many, ask for an editor.

You will want to create a database of names and contacts for that particular story. If your arts and women’s startup wanted to get coverage of a panel discussion from business leaders who will be talking about arts and business, make sure you target those kinds of reporters. On a simple, Microsoft Excel worksheet, put in pertinent info such as “Salutation”, “Name”, “Outlet”, “Beat”, “E-mail”, “Phone”, “Website”. A “beat” is the topic a reporter covers; a business reporter’s beat will be “business”; a news reporter who writes about “social issues” will have “social issues” as a beat. Once your list is completed you can start pitching!

Another important thing; don’t pitch the same story to two or more reporters in the same media outlet; if an education reporter and metro (or local news) reporter from Newspaper X find out they are to cover the same event, they’ll get annoyed. The key is identifying THE key folks, and no one else.

Follow Stephanie on Twitter: @radiomorillo

READ MORE:

Bad Pitch Blog - things to do and NOT to do when pitching to journalists. Great resource and links to many other sites.

Sunday, May 30, 2010

Kibera Good Governance Festival - Nairobi

A new event is being born on Madaraka Day 1st June. Kibera Good Governance Festival will be held just outside Kibera, on the DC's Ground in Makina, starting with local artists performing from 12 noon. Headlining artists include Juliani (KE), Abbi (KE), Mzungu Kichaa (TZ/DK) & VQEE (KE/DK).

For more info, contact Mzungu Kichaa (via facebook) or email: kichaamusic (at) gmail (dot) com.

More Tanzania statistics

I was inspired by SN's post about the TEDxDar statistics on Tanzania.

In case anyone's looking, here are two solid (and possibly interconnected) sources of demographic, political, economic and social information and statistics on Tanzania:

CIA World Factbook Tanzania Page. Includes:
  • Geography
  • People
  • Economy
  • Government
  • Communications
  • Transport
  • Military
  • Transnational issues
EconomyWatch.com Tanzania Page. Includes:
  • Annual economic indicators from 1980 - 2015
  • Aggregate indicators (per field)

It may be worth setting up a country-data section on our resources page - let us know what you think and we'll work on it. Happy reading.

Saturday, May 29, 2010

TANZANIA

(C) K Bomani
Source: TEDxDar facebook page

Kimya chenye mshindo mkuu

Hatimaye kile kimya cha muda mrefu cha Nakaaya Sumari kimeisha. Baada ya da' Nakaaya kuanzisha blog yake na kutangaza kujiunga na Chama cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo aliingia chimboni.

Wachache wetu tulisikia tetesi juu juu tu mwanzoni mwa wiki hii kuwa Nakaaya anapanga kugombea ubunge kwa tiketi ya CHADEMA. Na mchana wa leo Nakaaya amevunja ukimya kwa kutangaza nia yake ya kugombea ubunge wa viti maalumu Arusha.

Binafsi, napenda kuchukua fursa hii - kama Kijana - kumpongeza kwa kujishughulisha na Siasa na kuamua kupigania anachoamini. Wale wenzangu ambao bado wanadhani kujitosa kwenye Siasa ni kupoteza muda, labda matukio kama haya yatawafanya mfikirie upya.

Lakini, kama nilivyosema siku chache zilizopita, kwa kuwa hawa Vijana wenzetu wana mvuto kwa watu wa rika letu, ningependa kuwasikia wakitueleza mambo ya msingi. Nini kinawasukuma kujiunga na chama fulani? Sera gani hasa za vyama wanazoziangalia?

Kwahiyo mimi kama mshabiki wa baadhi ya hawa Vijana waliojiteza na kujitosa kwenye Siasa, nitaiminya kura yangu mpaka nitakapopata majibu!

Picha kwa hisani ya Nakaaya blog
.

Friday, May 28, 2010

New kid on the block

Jamani, jamani!

I couldn't just keep to myself what I came across just a few minutes ago. And I believe there are a number of poetry fanatics visiting Vijana FM who would surely appreciate this post.

Name: Maya Wegerif _____________________________________Location: Dar

I'll be honest with you guys first: Poetry is not my thing (yes, I said it... I know it's controversial in some quarters and all that). But I do tend to enjoy reading excellent poems once in a while that keep me going. In case you missed it, the most important words in the previous sentence are 'excellent' and 'poems'!

So, while I am chillin here waiting for The Trail of Bahati's Shadows (I know, it's taking like forever!), I am certainly enjoying Maya's poems. There is something about the kid.

I am that girl that runs barefoot on the heels of her happily-ever-after
I’m going to be that person that dares to claim the sky with my laughter

I will refuse to be called mistress because I don’t have a master

and f**% it I’ll curse if that gets to the point faster...

Visit the following blog to read her poems: http://mayawegerif.blogspot.com . You can also get in touch with her on Twitter.

Thursday, May 27, 2010

Madenge, Lodi lofa et al

Unakumbuka visa vya akina Komredi Kipepe, Dr. Love Pimbi, Lodi Lofa, Ndumi la kuwili na Madenge kwenye gazeti la SANI ?

Miaka ile, katuni hizi zilikuwa maarufu kiasi kwamba baadhi yetu tulibamkikiwa majina yao kama majina ya utani - nadhani mimi nilikuwa madenge. Mtunzi wa katuni hizi ni marehemu Philip Ndunguru, aliyefariki mwaka 1986 akiwa na umri wa miaka 24. Katuni zake ziliendelea kuleta tabasamu miaka kadhaa iliyofuata. Kwa kumkumbuka mtunzi huyu, na kufurahia kazi zake, embu tazama visa hivi.






Tumesahau sakata la Mara?

As-Salaam Alaikum Vijana.

Takribani miezi mitatu iliyopita, blogs zetu zilijaa taswira za wananchi wenzetu walioathirika na uchafuzi wa mazingira - mto Tighithe. Bila shaka macho yako yalishuhudia picha ifuatayo:

Na nina uhakika wengi wetu tulitoa maoni na vilio vyetu. Pia, kuna wale ambao waliahidi kutusaidia kufikisha hili suala kwenye vyombo vya habari vyenye nguvu (Kanada na Marekani). Ni matumaini yangu kuwa zile nguvu, hasira, vilio, mayowe, machozi n.k. hazikuishia kwenye majabali.

Kwa bahati mbaya au nzuri, Vijana FM ilifanikiwa kupata nakala za mikutano na ripoti za mambo yaliyokuwa yanaendelea (kuanzia Mei 2009 hadi mwanzoni mwa mwaka 2010). Binafsi, nadhani kitu muhimu zaidi kilikuwa ni ripoti ya utafiti wa kisayansi uliofanywa na Åsgeir R. Almås, Charles Kweyunga na Mkwabwa LK Manoko.

Sina uhakika watu wangapi walisoma zile makala hapa Vijana FM (tulikuwa ndio kwanza tunaanza...). Uchambuzi wa ripoti za Wizara ya Nishati na Madini unapatikana hapa. Na utafiti uliofanywa na Åsgeir R. Almås et al unapatikana hapa.

Mara ya mwisho niliambiwa kuwa watu wa Foundation HELP waliwapeleka waathirika nane kwenye hospitali ya Muhimbili kwa lengo la kufanyiwa uchunguzi. Mimi sio mtaalamu wa baiolojia, lakini nilitegemea kuwa vitu kama nywele, kucha, n.k. za waathirika zingechukuliwa kwa ajili ya utafiti wa kina -- ambao ungechukua muda mrefu. Na huu ndio ushauri uliotolewa na Åsgeir R. Almås et al.

Lakini, kilichotokea ni hiki: Waathirika walirudishwa kwasababu wanatoka kwenye ukoo mmoja! Kwa maneno mengine, yale yote ni matokeo ya "genetic disorder". Sasa, kipindi chote hiki nilikuwa najiuliza: Hivi, mbona haya matokeo ya genetic disorder yanaonekana baada TU ya uchafuzi wa mto Tighithe?

Chonde chonde wahusika. Sio kila mtu ni mpumbavu... Na Barrick wanajulikana kwa vitendo vyao dunia nzima.

Mlijaribu kuimba kwa ajili ya WOZA 2010?

Na Japhet Joseph

Mashindano makubwa kabisa duniani ya mpira wa miguu - au kama wengine wanavyouita macharange au kabumbu - ndio yananukia; kwa mara ya kwanza kwenye ardhi ya Afrika! Wasanii mbalimabli wamejitokeza kuwashawishi watu wa FIFA kuwateua ili wapate nafasi ya kutumbuiza wakati huo.

K'naan (ft. Bisbal) - Waving Flag:



Shakira - Waka Waka (mlidhani nitausahau huu?):


Lakini baada ya kufaidi mambo kama haya na ukatulia, huna budi kujiuliza: Hivi, mbona sisikii hata wimbo mmoja wa Kiswahili? Wasanii wetu walijaribu kuimba nyimbo kwa ajili ya Kombe la Dunia? Walijaribu kutafuta nafasi ya kutumbuiza? Au DJs wa FIFA/Bondeni wanatubania tu (wanataka mshiko kwanza)?

Kama hamkujaribu, aisee, mmepoteza bonge la nafasi la kuitangaza nchi, lugha na kazi zenu.

Ni mtazamo tu.

Tuesday, May 25, 2010

Tanzania ni Nchi ya Wapole

Mzazi: We Sikuzani, embu acha hiyo!

Mtoto: Kwanini!?

Mzazi: Kwasababu nimesema!

Haya ndio yaweza kuwa majibizano mafupi katika familia nyingi tulizokulia. Mtoto hapewi nafasi ya kujibiwa swali lake, na mara nyingi majibu yatolewayo ni ya ukali au ya kuonyesha utawala. Mara nyingine ukiuliza 'kwanini', unaweza kubalazwa kofi, kwasababu tu umemjibu mzazi!

Nimeamua kugusia mada hii muhimu ya malezi baada ya kusoma kitabu cha Annette Lareau kiitwacho Unequal Childhoods: Class, Race, and Family Life. Kitabu hiki kinatoa mwanga kuhusu tofauti za malezi zilizopo kati ya familia zenye kipato kikubwa/kawaida (mtaani tutaziita za 'geti kali') na zile za kipato cha chini ('uswazi'), yaani middle-class vs. working-class parenting. Muandishi amejaribu pia kueleza ni sifa gani zinawasaidia au kuwaathiri ukubwani watoto kutokana na tofauti ya malezi kati ya matabaka haya mawili. Ingawa tafiti ya kitabu hiki inahusu familia za marekani, kwa kiasi fulani mengi tunaweza kujifunza kuhusu mazingira ya malezi tuliyonayo Tanzania na jinsi gani tunajenga taifa potofu la wapole.


Lareau anaanza kwa kueleza tofauti mbili za malezi: malezi aina ya concerted cultivation (yanayofuatwa na wale wa 'geti kali') na ya accomplishment of natural growth (yanayofuatwa na wa kipato cha chini). Tofauti kati ya aina hizi ya malezi nitaziainisha hivi punde.

Ili kufahamu tofauti zilizopo katika aina hizi ya malezi, Lareau alifanya mahojiano na wanafunzi zaidi ya 80 wa darasa la tatu na nne kutoka familia za wamarekani weusi pamoja na wazungu. Katika kipindi cha utafiti wake, aliweza kubainisha kuwa aina ya malezi ya watoto inategemea na kipato (tabaka) cha (la) familia, wakati kabila (race) ya familia haina uhusiano wowote.

Kwenye malezi ya concerted cultivation aligundua kuwa, wazazi hawa wengi ni wa kisomo cha juu. Wazazi hawa wanahusika mno katika malezi ya watoto wao nyumbani na kwa kiasi kikubwa pia katika shughuli zao nje ya nyumba (kama ufuatiliaji wa maendeleo yao ndani na nje ya darasa). Wazazi wanashughulikia kuwatafutia na kuwaandikisha wanao katika shughuli za nje ya darasa zinazohitaji usimamizi wa wakubwa, mfano: uskauti, mafunzo ya kuogelea, mafunzo ya kupiga kinanda, n.k. Nia yao ikiwa kuwasaidia watoto wao wawe all-rounded ili kupata ujuzi zitakazowasaidia katika maisha ya ukubwani – hasa hasa katika kazi za utaalamu (white collar jobs). Pia, wazazi hawa mara nyingi walikuwa tayari kuingilia kati pindi kukitokea tatizo shuleni kuhusu watoto wao, pamoja na kukutana na walimu wa shule kuulizia maendeleo yao.

Pamoja na hayo, mazingira ya wanayokulia watoto hawa nyumbani ni tofauti (sio kifedha, bali kijamii). Laureau, anaeleza kuwa wazazi katika familia hizi wanajihusisha zaidi kuongea na wanao, na hivyo kuwasaidia watoto kukuza vocabulary au hata ari yao kujiamini. Ari hii ya kujiamini, inakuzwa kwani wazazi pia wanawahimiza wanao kuuliza maswali au ku’negotiate na wakubwa ipasavyo. Pia, amri zinazotoka kwa wazazi huwa zinaambatanishwa na maelezo ya kwanini wanatoa amri hizo. Hivyo, watoto hawa wanakuwa na mazoea mapema ya kuongea na wakubwa na kujua namna ya kujieleza (mf. matumizi ya eye contact), na hata kuwa na uwezo wa kujieleza mbele ya umati. Kumbuka watoto waliofuatiliwa ni wa umri wa miaka kati ya 7 na 9. Laureau anaeleza kuwa, 'ubaya' wa malezi haya ulionekana kwa ukithiri wa watoto kulalamika-lalamika ovyo, kutaka kuwa centre of attention, kuwa wabishi/watundu, kimbelembele, kutojua umuhimu wa pesa, pamoja na kutokuwa karibu na ndugu/koo.

Wazazi wa familia zenye kipato cha chini walifuata aina ya malezi ya accomplishment of natural growth. Katika malezi haya, mzazi hajihusishi mno katika dunia ya mtoto zaidi ya kutoa chakula, malazi, elimu, na mavazi. Tumaini la wengi wa wazazi hawa ni kwamba mtoto atakuwa (atapevuka) tu, sponteaneously – yaani, 'muache mtoto awe mtoto'. Lareau anaandika kuwa, watoto wa malezi haya muda wao mwingi baada ya shule hutumia kucheza na wenzao na hawana ratiba iliyobana ya extracurricular activities kama waliokuwa nayo wa 'geti kali'. Katika malezi haya mazingira au ‘dunia’ ya nyumbani ya mtoto na mzazi ina mipaka thabiti. Mzazi hajihusishi kwa kiasi kikubwa na kazi za mtoto za nyumbani, na mara nyingi wazazi wanatoa amri/adhabu kwa wanao bila hata kumueleza mtoto ‘kwanini’ (mf. Sikuzani na mzazi). Hivyo, watoto wanakuwa na woga kujieleza kwa mamlaka (watu wazima), na mara nyingi wanakuwa na heshima binafsi ndogo (self-esteem). Uzuri wa malezi haya yanafahamika na wengi, kwani katika jamii ya nchi yetu ni aina hii ya malezi inafatwa. Sifa chanya ni kama watoto wanakuja kuwa wakarimu/diplomatic, waangalifu katika masuala ya pesa, n.k.

Lareau anaonya kuwa, hakuna mzazi mbaya au mzuri. Ila, malezi ya concerted cultivation yanawapa advantage fulani watoto ukubwani, hasa katika utafutaji wa kazi (job market). Baada ya miaka 15, Lareau alifuatilia maendeleo ya watoto hawa ili kufahamu wanajihusisha na nini. Watoto waliokulia malezi ya concerted cultivation (geti kali) wengi wao wanafanya kazi katika kazi za utaalam (white collar jobs), wakati wengi wa waliolelewa kulingana na modeli ya accomplishment of natural growth walikuwa bado wanabangaiza.

Mara ngapi umemuuliza mtoto swali dogo tu mtaani, na akaficha uso/mdomo na kukujibu kwa kunong'oneza, hii kama hajakupa jibu: "sijui"? Kwanini watoto wengi (hasa wasichana) Tanzania wanakula chakula chumba tofauti na baba mwenye nyumba?

Nchini Tanzania ni aina ya malezi ya accomplishment of natural growth yanayofuatwa na wengi. Hii inachangiwa sana na hali ya umaskini (mfano: mzazi hajui kusoma/kuandika), ila kwa namna kubwa inachangiwa na mila/desturi zetu tulizorithi kutoka mababu. Ni muhimu kutafakari kuwa mila na desturi hizi nyingi hazitatupa advantage yeyote katika dunia ya sasa na kesho ambayo vijana wachakarikaji wanahitajika. Hali ya umasikini wetu kwa namna moja au nyingine inatokana na aina ya malezi tunayokuza watoto wetu.

Jinsi dunia inavyozidi kuwa competitive, ndivyo tunavyotakiwa nasi kubadilika na kujenga taifa la vijana wanaojiamini walio na umahiri wa kuchukua nafasi katika kila anga. Tunahitaji wananchi wasioogopa kuuliza maswali kwa viongozi wao, hivyo wasio rahisi kudanganywa uchaguzi baada ya uchaguzi. Wananchi wa aina hii ndio wasioogopa kuleta mapinduzi katika jamii ili kufuta status quo. Wananchi wa aina hii tutawapata kama tukiwalea watoto wetu kupitia malezi ya concerted cultivation. Ni hivi tu, tutapata wafanyabiashara mahiri, professionals chungu nzima, na muhimu zaidi raia wawajibikaji. We need less submissive citizens and more of whom are ready to take charge.

Nimechoka kusikia kutoka kwa wageni kuwa: “watanzania ni wapole”.

Ningependa kumaliza kwa kumnukuu David Brooks: “todays rich don’t exploit the poor, they outcompete them.”


picha:

http://www.worldvision.org.uk/server.php?show=nav.201

http://imaginationlane.blogspot.com/2010/04/masai-children.html

Grant opportunity for African journalists

Announcment courtesy of NGOpulse.org:

FAIR Small Grant Guidelines for African Investigative Journalists

Opportunity type: Grants

Opportunity closing date: Saturday, July 31, 2010

The Forum for African Investigative Reporters (FAIR) is offering investigative journalists the opportunity to apply for a grant that intends to help further their research on a particular investigative story of their choice. Two grants of up to €3 000 each and eight smaller grants with a value of €500 each, are funded by Freevoice, and are intended to be used by a journalist for an investigative story that would not otherwise be published.

Application Information


Applications are open to all investigative journalists based, working, and operating in Africa. Applications must be accompanied by a 1 page summary in English, French, or Portuguese. The summary is of extreme importance since the initial shortlist of 20 applications will be compiled on their basis and only the applications that make the shortlist will be considered in full.

The application must contain the following:

  • Subject;
  • Envisaged methodology (source-building, data to access, testing of obtained info in order to reach conclusion);
  • Reason why this subject was chosen;
  • Media house that has undertaken to publish (the acceptance letter from the editor is to be attached);
  • A paragraph about earlier publications by the journalist; and
  • Budget (expenses only).

If an investigation topic is of such a sensitive nature that the applicant does not want the topic to be known to others, he/she should state this in the application. In this event, the applicant and the advisory council will come to an agreement on a suitably neutral/general description of the nature of the investigation, which description will be used when the award is announced.

The applications must be sent by email or fax - preferably along with a hard copy, to the contact details below.

Submission deadline: 31 July 2010

For more information or to submit entries, click here.

Brazil wanakuja kukiputa na Taifa Stars!

Brazil are to play friendly matches against Tanzania and Zimbabwe before heading into the World Cup in South Africa

The games are to be formally announced when all the required documents have been sent by the respective football federations. Read more...

Kwa wale ambao bado walikuwa wanadhani habari zilikuwa danganya toto, bofya hapa!

* * *

Sasa, hawa Brazil ndio watatutambua sisi ni nani!! Tukicheza kwa nguvu zetu zote, tutafungwa 5 - 0 tu. Bring it ooooooooonnnnn!